Too little and your dog can suffer from nutritional deficiencies, and too much will eventually cause obesity and the many health problems associated with obesity.
Unfortunately, there is no easy way to know how much your dog needs to eat. Determining the amount of food to give your dog will depend on the type of food you feed your dog, how many times a day they are fed, how big they are, their metabolism, the amount of exercise they get, and many other factors. But you can figure out an approximate amount of food that should work for your individual pet, or you can ask your veterinarian.
If you're wondering how much your dog is supposed to be eating, start by checking the feeding guide on your dog's food label! They are usually presented as a table, with Weight of Dog and Amount Per Day being the categories on the columns.
Keeping in mind that these amounts are the total food your dog should consume in a 24 hours period. Seeing as adult dogs generally take 2 feedings a day, and puppies usually require 3 or 4, you will need to divide this amount by the number of feedings your dog gets per day.
Use this information combined with your knowledge of your dogs life to find the initial amount of food you should be offering. For example, if you have a 35 pound corgi who is not very active, maybe start with 2 cups of food per day. If you have a 35 pound Border Collie who is constantly moving, start with a little more.
Next, use a scale or body conditioning system to fine tune the amount of food your feed your dog. Check your dog every 2 - 4 weeks, and record the results. If your dog is gaining or losing an inappropriate amount of weight, adjust your food portions accordingly. In general, healthy dogs tend to:
Remember, each time your change dog foods, you will have to go through this process again.